Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is a minimally invasive technique where a portion of the kidney is removed that is usually used as a treatment for primary renal tumors.
The advantage of partial nephrectomy when compared to radical nephrectomy is the preservation of as much kidney as possible to prevent subsequent problems surrounding kidney failure.
Some small tumors may not be well suited for treatment by laparoscopic partial nephrectomy because of their position (centrally located lesions are more difficult to remove than peripheral lesions).
The standard treatment for these indications would be an open partial nephrectomy, using a flank extraperitoneal or an anterior subcostal incision to expose the kidney. A laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is done under general anesthesia using a transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach.
In the transperitoneal approach, the abdomen is insufflated with carbon dioxide, and three or four small abdominal incisions are made.
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